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Meltofte et al., Hans
Effects of climate variation on the breeding ecology of Arctic shorebirds

2007, 46 sider
Illustreret, 19 x 26,5 cm
ISBN 978-87-635-3057-6
Serie: Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland, vol. 344
ISSN 0025-6676
Serie: Bioscience, vol. 59
ISSN 0106-1054



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About 50 species of shorebirds breed in the Arctic, where they constitute the most characteristic component of the tundra avifauna. Here, we review the impact of weather and climate on the breeding cycle of shorebirds based on extensive studies conducted across the Arctic. Conditions for breeding shorebirds are highly variable among species, sites and regions, both within and between continents. Weather effects on breeding are most moderate in the Low Arctic of northern Europe and most extreme in the Siberian High Arctic. The decision of whether or not to breed upon arrival on the breeding grounds, the timing of egg-laying and the chick-growth period are most affected by annual variation in weather.

In large parts of the Arctic, clutch initiation dates are highly correlated with snowmelt dates and in regions and years where extensive snowmelt occurs before or soon after the arrival of shorebirds, the decision to breed and clutch initiation dates appear to be a function of food availability for laying females. Once incubation is initiated, adult shorebirds appear fairly resilient to variations in temperature with nest abandonment primarily occurring in case of severe weather with new snow covering the ground. Feeding conditions for chicks, a factor highly influenced by weather, affects juvenile production in most regions. Predation has a very strong impact on breeding productivity throughout the Arctic and subarctic, with lemming Dicrostonyx spp. and Lemmus spp. fluctuations strongly influencing predation rates, particularly in the Siberian Arctic.

The fate of Arctic shorebirds under projected future climate scenarios is uncertain, but High Arctic species and populations appear particularly at risk. Climatic amelioration may benefit Arctic shorebirds in the short term by increasing both survival and productivity, whereas in the long term habitat changes both on the breeding grounds and on the temperate and tropical nonbreeding areas may put them under considerable pressure and may bring some of them near to extinction. Their relatively low genetic diversity, which is thought to be a consequence of survival through past climatically-driven population bottlenecks, may also put them more at risk to anthropogenic-induced climate variation than other avian taxa.

Key words: shorebirds; waders; Charadrii; Arctic birds; breeding; body stores; feeding conditions; food limitations; chick growth; predation; severe weather; climate impact; climate change; population bottleneck; genetic diversity; extinction.

 
Emneområde | Arktiske studier |
Specifikt emneord | Fugle | Klimaændringer | Ornitologi | Vadefugle | Ynglen |
Verdensdel m.v. | Arktis | Grønland |
Sprog | Engelsk |

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Hans Meltofte et al. som forfatter

Effects of climate variation on the breeding ecology of Arctic shorebirds
2007, ISBN 978-87-635-1279-4, hft
Effects of climate variation on the breeding ecology of Arctic shorebirds
2007, ISBN 978-87-635-1279-4, hft
Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in High Arctic Greenland
1985, ISBN 978-87-635-1167-4, hft
Populations and breeding schedules of waders, Charadrii, in High Arctic Greenland
1985, ISBN 978-87-635-1167-4, hft
Observations on waders (Charadriidae) at Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
1981, ISBN 978-87-635-1146-9, hft
Observations on waders (Charadriidae) at Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
1981, ISBN 978-87-635-1146-9, hft
Ornithological observations in Northeast Greenland between 74°30' and 76°00' N. lat., 1976
1981, ISBN 978-87-635-1136-0, hft
Ornithological observations in Northeast Greenland between 74°30' and 76°00' N. lat., 1976
1981, ISBN 978-87-635-1136-0, hft
 


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