In multiple ways, members of a European cultural elite demonstrated their sympathy
for Finland as a response to the exceeding tension in the Russo-Finnish
relations at the end of the nineteenth and start of the twentieth century. As unofficial
agents, intellectuals took opportunities to act in a political controversy in
which foreign official governments were reluctant to act and had no clear mandate
to interfere. Unofficial demonstrations resulted from the collaboration
between European intellectuals and Finnish agents. Together, these groups managed,
through a major joint petition and professional statements, to put pressure
on the Russian Emperor. The interference from unofficial representatives of an
international community in specific controversies had no established function or
influence. However, was it a phenomenon that official governments could afford
to ignore?
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